100 Flowers Campaign:

CCP definition of intellectual

Doctors, nurses, teachers, students, scientists, engineers, technicians, writers, journalists, etc.

Initial encouragement to return

*100 Flowers Movement, May 1956-June 1957

"Let 100 flowers bloom" in culture..."100 schools of thought contend" in science

Theories about Mao's motives:

1) Factional politics (Spence, pp. 509-11)

Rivalry with Liu Shaoqi

Testimony of Mao's doctor, Li Zhisui in The Private Life of Chairman Mao

2) “Entice snakes out of their lairs” (Chang, pp. 212-14, 1st ed.; pp. 209-11, 2nd ed.)

Anti-rightist campaign, June 1957

300,000 branded "rightists"

Jail, labor camps, or countryside

Wild Swans, Chap. 11

In the Party Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957, what sorts of dilemmas did the mother face in identifying “rightists”?

• How did these campaigns strengthen Communist party control?
• How did the campaigns weaken the Party’s ability to rule effectively?